Indigeneity, Race, and Ethnicity Studies
Director: Zahi Zalloua, Indigeneity, Race, and Ethnicity Studies
Susanne Beechey, Politics
Shampa Biswas, Politics
Helen Kim, Sociology
Nina E. Lerman, History
Camilo Lund-Montaño, History
Gaurav Majumdar, English
Kaitlyn G. Patia, Rhetoric, Writing, and Public Discourse
Jason Pribilsky, Anthropology and Indigeneity, Race, and Ethnicity Studies
Matt Reynolds, Art History
Daniel Schultz, Anthropology and Religion
Andrea Sempértegui Barreiros, Politics
Nicole Simek, Gender Studies and Indigeneity, Race, and Ethnicity Studies
Lisa Uddin, Art History
Jacqueline Woodfork, History
About the Program
The critical study of Indigeneity, race and ethnicity at Whitman College takes up the global challenges posed by anti-Blackness and settler colonialism, from Turtle Island to Palestine. Our study begins from our location on the traditional lands of the Walúulapam (Walla Walla), Weyíiletpuu (Cayuse) and Imatalamláma (Umatilla) peoples and the structures of human migration and anti-Black racism that produce and reproduce the modern world. In IRES courses, you will delve into pre-colonial realities and peoples’ ways of knowing across the Americas and beyond, attending to their dynamism and creative resilience. At the same time, IRES also centers the afterlives or legacies of slavery and colonialism, questioning their status as relics of the past. We examine how racism and xenophobia today stem not only from Western modernity’s narrow definition of the human as exclusively white, male, and European, a notion that underpinned the exploitation and domination of non-Europeans, but also from the very idea of a group or people’s claim to supremacy over another, from ancient to contemporary times.
Through study in a variety of fields, students of IRES will develop the analytical tools to compare, discern, and critically engage racial supremacy, along with its shifts over time and space. Majors will investigate, for example, the historical and contemporary logics and practices of segregation or apartheid (as in South Africa, the United States, or Palestine/Israel), and their role in sustaining nativism, nationalism, and exclusionary models of belonging. Additionally, majors will develop an understanding of the many faces of racism and their historical specificities. Islamophobia, colorism, anti-Asianness, anti-Blackness, antisemitism, and Orientalism, for example, all manifest racism in varying forms, yet cannot be reduced to it. In confronting these processes, students will also explore various modes of survival and resistance, studying the rich and divergent ways individuals and communities affirm their sovereignty, create futures, and actively contest their subjugation and dispossession.
Indigeneity, Race, and Ethnicity Studies intersects with many other fields and programs. Students considering graduate study are strongly advised to pursue study of a second language and to minor in a related discipline.
Learning Goals
Upon graduation, a student will be able to:
- Major-Specific Areas of Knowledge
Identify and interpret important ideas, assumptions, and debates that are central to the critical study of Indigeneity, race, and ethnicity.
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- Explore major theories of Indigeneity, race, and ethnicity and their intersections and constitutive relations with class, religion, gender, sexuality, and ability.
- Develop an interdisciplinary approach to the study of Indigeneity, race, and ethnicity and be able to apply various interdisciplinary theories and methods to the analysis of historical and contemporary issues arising from the institutionalization of differences.
- Critical Thinking
- Analyze issues dealing with power, privilege, and oppression with a variety of tools and approaches in a range of disciplines.
- Research Experience
- Conduct a substantial academic inquiry about a focused research question, demonstrating a critical awareness of competing arguments, the mastery of relevant methods, and a capacity to generate substantive results from original research.
Distribution
For students who started at Whitman College prior to Fall 2024, courses in Indigeneity, Race, and Ethnicity Studies count toward the cultural pluralism distribution area.
For students who start at Whitman College in Fall 2024 or later, please refer to the General Studies section for a full list of courses that count toward each distribution area.
Programs of Study
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Indigeneity, Race, and Ethnicity Major -
Indigeneity, Race, and Ethnicity Minor
Courses
Courses under this category explore selected topics in Indigeneity, Race, and Ethnicity Studies at the introductory level. See course schedule for any current offerings.
This interdisciplinary course is designed to introduce students to the foundational concepts and critical debates animating the study of Indigeneity, race, and ethnicity. We will interrogate how the categories of Indigeneity, race and ethnicity circulate in the United States and globally, as well as in contemporary and historical contexts. Open to First-year and sophomore students only, and others by consent of instructor.
The built environment plays a major role in how we understand and experience race. Racial difference also shapes the buildings and landscapes we occupy and imagine. In this course, we will approach these phenomena by studying 1. how modern and contemporary architecture has enclosed, divided, circulated, and framed bodies in particular ways, and 2. how specific architectural structures have emerged as racial formations, from the eighteenth century to present day. Topics may include: plantations, parks, skyscrapers, slums, suburbia, freeways, prisons, camps, shantytowns, and zoos. Students will acquire historical contexts and develop analytical skills for engaging both race and the built environment. Lecture-based with discussion posts, papers, and presentations. May be elected as Art History 135.
The work of African American writer James Baldwin has probed the enduring contradictions of America’s troubled history with race and the legacies of slavery. Drawing from both his literary and non-fiction work, this course explores how Baldwin excavates, confronts, and rewrites his own story and the story of America through the lens of religion, race, and sexuality. We will consider the political dimensions of Baldwin’s autobiographical writing and study the ways Baldwin reads the racial imaginary of literature and film. We will examine the ambiguities of Baldwin’s Pentecostal upbringing, something he rebelled against yet continued to deploy rhetorically in his writing. Students will learn to analyze how forms of literary and visual representation produce, rank, and value racial difference. The course will also incorporate the perspectives of Baldwin’s interlocutors, in addition to exploring contemporary voices that engage enduring problems of race and its entanglements with religion. May be elected as Religion 180.
How did American Indian nations navigate the turbulent nineteenth and twentieth centuries that brought a flood of intruders into their homelands, and how did they remake themselves into the vibrant and richly diverse peoples that they are in the twenty-first century? Beginning with the turmoil surrounding Indian Removal policy in the 1830s and extending to present-day struggles of Indian nations to control their own destinies, this course serves as an introduction to American Indian history from the perspective of indigenous survivance. Including such themes as cultural resistance and political resurgence in the face of U.S. settler colonialism, this course focuses on the interface between the development of Federal Indian policy and American Indian resistance to U.S. initiatives. It will also consider major shifts in American Indian sovereignty, including through the federal court system, from the 19th to the 21st centuries. In the process, we will ask: what is sovereignty to Native peoples? This course stresses the integrity, adaptability, and representation of American Indian nations, and the centrality of ever-emergent American Indian identity to the experiences of many peoples and nations. Each week, we will consider important historical moments for Indigenous peoples and strive to connect those histories to the contemporary Indigenous world. May be elected as History 259.
This course engages the now widespread liberal activist slogan “check your privilege” so prevalent on U.S. college campuses. What does it mean today to “check” privilege? Is “checking privilege” enough? When consuming the news and educating ourselves in class, whose voices get to be heard? Who aren’t we hearing from? What questions haven’t we raised? How do we listen effectively? Intersectionality as theory and method responds to many of these questions. It posits that various structures of discrimination and privilege (such as sexism, racism, and colonialism among others) intersect, influencing our daily lived experience as well as our social institutions and policies. This course presents foundational concepts that allow us to understand power through debates in the field of Gender Studies, and a genealogy of intersectionality and its discontents. The course explores theories and methods based on intersectionality beyond a race/gender pairing, engages critiques of intersectionality, and facilitates a more nuanced understanding of challenges and opportunities surrounding social justice and identity through the lens of intersectional analysis. May be elected as Gender Studies 210.
The course will provide a context in which students from a variety of social locations and identities will explore deeply the meaning and the impacts of socially constructed realities that tend to limit the full humanity of others. Categories such as race, class, gender, gender identity, national origin, religion, ability, and how they shape social interactions will be explored, with the view of providing and developing skills that will enable course participants to have these dialogues across difference with the goal of working towards a more inclusive and just community. Through theoretical readings, experiential learning and actual engagement around critical contemporary issues, the course participants will refine their abilities to have meaningful dialogue in ways that lead to a praxis of social change. Graded credit/no credit.
Consent of instructor.
In this course we will examine the meanings and specificity of settler colonialism: its eliminative logic and goals, and how it frames the question of race in relation to the land and the Native. Students will analyze how settler colonialism traffics in racial assemblages: how it divides land, and classifies and disciplines the Indigenous population, setting them apart ontologically from the White settlers. Whereas the latter are made to stand exclusively for the human, the former are relegated to the categories of “infrahuman” or “nonhuman.” This course will also pay attention to the ways Indigenous peoples resist their classification, domination, and dispossession across the world. Short papers, oral presentations, and active participation are required.
In this course we will examine the complex relationships between race and class in contemporary structural modes of violence. Students will analyze various bodies of social theory (such as Marxism, Critical Race Theory, feminism, and postcolonial theory) and evaluate the ways they account for the interplay of race and class, of domination and exploitation. By considering the analytical category of race together with that of class (and vice versa), our goal is to strengthen each term’s explanatory force and better account for the dynamism and complexities of racial and economic struggles.
This course provides a critical exploration of masculinity in French and Francophone film and fiction. In examining the politics of gendered and racial representations of masculinity, we ask: What types of desires and actions are associated with certain models of masculinity? How does France’s colonial heritage impact and inform the projection of its own masculinity and that of its formerly colonized others? How do writers, theorists, and filmmakers unsettle the fantasy of French masculinity? This course also takes up masculinity’s vexed relation to femininity, tracking how the ideological production of the latter is often premised on the former’s hegemonic stance. Short papers, oral presentations, and active participation are required. May be elected as Gender Studies 230 or Global Literature 230.
This course focuses on Indigeneity as both an intellectual project and an in-the-world force shaping the lives of Indigenous peoples, including their cultural practices, resistance, and activism. The course will begin with an explanation of varied and often contested genealogies of Indigeneity and Indigenous identity across time, geography, political contexts, and different fields of study (e.g., anthropology, history, political philosophy and theory). Adopting a global perspective, topics will include Indigenous peoples' struggles for autonomy and survival; self-determination and political status under international law; the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues; land struggles and the protection of natural resources; cultural resurgence and revival of select traditions; and varied forms of political resistance and decolonization. This course will also look at the parallels and intersections between Indigenous and Native Studies with wider movements against settler colonialism and anti-Blackness. Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. May be elected as Anthropology 240.
How are race and religion related? If we reject the idea of race as a fixed biological essence and think of it instead as a product of human history, how do we understand religion’s role in the historical production of race? This course explores the ways religions reinforce and resist practices of racialization, and further asks how religious identity itself comes to be understood in racial, ethnic, and/or nationalist terms. The course will examine pre-modern and modern forms of anti-Semitism, Orientalism and Islamophobia; it will ask whether the caste system in Hindu South Asia can or should be understood in terms of race; and it will take up religion’s complex entanglements in the slave trade, the plantation system, and European settler colonialism in the Americas. We will read from the primary source historical texts (Valladolid Debate), a selection of foundational theorists (such as Sylvia Wynter, B.R. Ambedkar, Hannah Arendt, Edward Said and Frantz Fanon), and a range of contemporary voices and perspectives. May be elected a Religion 270.
The course explores selected topics in race and ethnic studies. See course schedule for any current offerings.
The Palestinian question has emerged as a growing concern for continental philosophers in recent decades, spurred by postcolonial theory. This course examines this philosophical engagement, scrutinizing the racialization of Palestinians, their normalization as inferior and expendable beings, and the ethical and political hierarchization of lives. Raising the Palestinian question invites us to reframe the relationships between philosophy and history, ethics and politics, so as to scrutinize the tendency to ontologize the other (as in the rhetoric of the timeless victim), to abstract the other from the earthly, historical, and dynamic field of power. Thinkers examined will include Edward Said, Judith Butler, Jacques Derrida, Slavoj Žižek, and Jacqueline Rose. May be taken for credit toward the Rhetoric, Writing and Public Discourse major.
Trauma has attracted critical attention as a limit case through which to explore the nature of selfhood, language, memory and power, and the ethical and political implications of representing violence. Taking contemporary examples of race- and gender-based violence, their intersections, and their specificities as a point of departure, students will examine debates in scholarship and activism over definitions of trauma, its personal and collective impacts, and the social, cultural, and political actions to be taken in its wake. We will pay particular attention to questions of narrative genre, medium and transmission, as well as the role of commemoration in projects to combat violence. May be taken for credit toward the Gender Studies major or the Global Literatures minor. May be elected as Gender Studies 320 or Global Literatures 320.
This course examines Afropessimism’s controversial claim that it is anti-Blackness rather than white supremacy that governs the production of meaning and value in white civil society. Afropessimism is skeptical of narratives of racial progress, as well as the ability of coalitional alliances to address the roots of racism. We will consider the ontologies underpinning Afropessimism, the opposing contemporary movements with which it dialogues, and the differing visions of social and political change that each offers. We will also evaluate Afropessimism’s definition of the Black experience and its criticism of movements organized instead around commonalities between people of color.
An upper-level introduction to the widening field known as science and technology studies (STS). Interdisciplinary in scope, this course primarily draws on ethnographic attempts to understand how science and technology shape human lives and livelihoods and how society and culture, in turn, shape the development of science and technology. Throughout the course, we will be particularly concerned with ways that scientific visions and projects, broad in scope, articulate, mirror, distort, and shape hierarchies based on such categories as gender, race, class, development, definitions of citizenship, understandings of nature, the production of knowledge, and global capitalism. Topics may include race-based pharmaceuticals, climate debates and “natural” disasters, genomics, politicized archaeology, science in postcolonial contexts, DNA fingerprinting, clinical trials, cyborgs, nuclear weapons production, and human/nonhuman relationships. May be elected as Anthropology 360.
Directed readings of topics or works selected to complement the Indigeneity, Race, and Ethnicity Studies program. The number of students accepted for the course will depend on the availability of the staff. No more than four credits in independent study may be used to satisfy the indigeneity, race and ethnicity studies major requirements.
Consent of instructor.
Taught by a race and ethnic studies faculty member with guest participation by others, this seminar is intended to engage senior majors in case studies focused on race and ethnicity. Readings, discussion, and papers, including a proposal for the thesis. Required of and limited to senior race and ethnic studies majors. Fall degree candidates should plan to take this seminar at the latest possible opportunity. Open to senior Indigeneity, Race, and Ethnicity Studies majors.
Completion of a thesis based on the previous semester’s plan.
Students register for Indigeneity, Race, And Ethnicity Studies 497, not for Indigeneity, Race, and Ethnicity Studies 498. The registration will be changed from Indigeneity, Race, And Ethnicity Studies 497 to 498 for those students who attain honors in Indigeneity, Race, And Ethnicity Studies. Open only to seniors.